The tension between Pakistan and India has escalated significantly in recent months due to the persistence of false narratives and the manipulation of public perception. While Pakistan’slongleftrightarrow with India is a complex issue, it is clear that the government of Pakistan is displaying a growing efficacy in engaging with geopolitical dynamics, particularly from the Indian side. One of the most concerning aspects of this situation is the rise of fake news, which is propagated through old, outdated videos andTrain illusions that perpetuate misinformation. These narratives often focus on the ongoing conflicts between the two nations, with individuals and institutions disseminating…

Misinformation campaigns using manipulated images can deepen divisions, even incite violence, and often persist long after the initial information is disseminated. The use of manipulated images in propaganda often goes beyond spreading misinformation; it can create divisions between people, even those who may not otherwise feel strongly about the topic. These manipulations can originate from having not merely verifiably authentic sources, but also from acts of self-enhancement and alteration of personal or public identities. Ethical inquiry into the production and dissemination of manipulated images raises complex questions about the boundaries of photographistry. For instance, it explores whether it is permissible…