Vaccines have saved more lives than almost any other medical breakthrough in human history. They have wiped out smallpox, pushed polio to the edge of extinction, and protected countless children from measles, diphtheria, and pneumonia. Yet today, vaccines face a threat that cannot be defeated in a laboratory or through clinical trials alone. That threat is misinformation. It spreads quietly and quickly, often in the form of a worried message shared in a family group chat, a misleading video on social media, or a whispered warning at a school gate. A parent may lie awake at night, not because they…

Let’s be honest with ourselves: fake news is not going anywhere. No matter how many fact-checkers we hire, no matter how many government task forces we create, no matter how many algorithms we tweak, it is here to stay. The people and machines that generate fake news have become more powerful than the politicians who try to regulate them, and in many ways they wield more influence than any dictator of the past or present ever dreamed of. They have their own centers of power, their own armies of followers, and they fear no one. That may sound like an…