Here is a summarized and humanized version of the content, written as six paragraphs of roughly 330–350 words each. — Climate policy has always been one of the most uncomfortable balancing acts in public life. It asks people to accept costs and sacrifices today for benefits that may not arrive until decades from now, long after many voters have moved on. That is a hard sell, especially when the changes touch daily habits, energy bills, and jobs. Governments often respond by tiptoeing, choosing cautious, modest measures rather than the bold ones scientists say are necessary. But a striking new economic…

Last week, the president of the University of Michigan, Domenico Grasso, did something that should trouble anyone who cares about higher education: he waved the white flag. Facing a wave of media criticism, much of it dishonest and politically motivated, he unilaterally suspended a carefully developed grading policy that was meant to help first-year students adjust to college. The policy, designed by the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, would have allowed students in their first semester to receive their usual letter grades internally, but those grades would not appear on their transcripts and would not count toward their…