Global Risks 2025: Misinformation, Conflict, and Climate Change Dominate a Fragmented World
The World Economic Forum (WEF), in its Global Risks Report 2025, has highlighted a complex and interconnected web of risks facing the world over the next two years. Drawn from the insights of over 900 experts and 11,000 business leaders, the report paints a concerning picture of escalating geopolitical tensions, eroding trust, and a deepening climate crisis. Misinformation and disinformation, fueled by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, emerge as a paramount concern, threatening to further fracture societies and exacerbate existing divisions. The rise of "deepfakes" and the decline of fact-checking on social media platforms create an environment ripe for the manipulation of public opinion and the erosion of faith in institutions. This vulnerability to AI-generated narratives will be a central focus of discussion at the upcoming WEF annual meeting in Davos.
The short-term outlook, covering the next two years, is dominated by the immediate threat of armed conflict, a reflection of ongoing wars and rising geopolitical tensions. Extreme weather events, another pressing concern, underscore the intensifying impact of climate change. Geo-economic confrontations, manifested in trade wars and tariff disputes, add another layer of complexity to the global landscape. These immediate risks are further compounded by the pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation, which has the potential to destabilize societies and undermine international cooperation.
Looking further ahead, the WEF anticipates an even more turbulent decade leading up to 2035. Environmental challenges, technological disruptions, and social fragmentation are projected to intensify, creating a perfect storm of interconnected risks. Extreme weather events, resource scarcity, ecosystem collapse, and pollution-related health impacts feature prominently among the long-term risks. Simultaneously, the transformative power of artificial intelligence, while offering immense potential, also presents significant risks, particularly in its potential to amplify misinformation and exacerbate existing inequalities.
The report emphasizes the role of generative AI in escalating the threat of misinformation. This technology empowers malicious actors, ranging from state-sponsored agencies to criminal organizations and individuals, to automate disinformation campaigns with unprecedented reach and impact. Distinguishing between credible information and fabricated narratives is becoming increasingly challenging as more people rely on the internet and social media for news and information. Algorithms, often operating with hidden biases, further complicate the problem by amplifying misinformation and reinforcing pre-existing prejudices. This is particularly concerning in areas like hiring and law enforcement, where biased algorithms can perpetuate discrimination.
The WEF also warns of the growing risks associated with mass surveillance. As governments and corporations amass ever-increasing computing power, the potential for intrusive surveillance of citizens poses a serious threat to privacy. While data collection can improve public services, the lack of robust legal safeguards and transparency surrounding data usage raises concerns about potential misuse. Individuals often lack awareness and control over how their data is collected, stored, and utilized, hindering their ability to make informed decisions.
The report underscores the vulnerability of global supply chains in the face of ongoing geopolitical volatility. Organizations are urged to assess the resilience of their supply chains and consider the reputational risks associated with sourcing from countries embroiled in conflict. Rising protectionism, restrictions on data flows, and the increasing frequency of cyberattacks further complicate the global trade landscape. Building resilient supply chains and investing in robust cybersecurity measures are critical for organizations navigating this complex environment.
Contributors to the report emphasize the interconnected nature of these global risks. Increasing protectionism threatens already strained global supply chains, while restrictions on data flows and cyberattacks exacerbate the challenges. The urgency of addressing climate change is highlighted, with the world having surpassed the 1.5°C warming threshold in 2024. Immediate action is deemed crucial to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change and build resilience. The report stresses that inaction and a lack of global cooperation will have dire consequences, and emphasizes that it is not too late to take decisive steps.
The WEF’s annual meeting in Davos serves as a critical platform for addressing these global challenges. Bringing together nearly 3,000 leaders from over 130 countries, including numerous heads of state and government, the meeting aims to foster dialogue and collaboration in an increasingly uncertain world. Key themes for discussion include reigniting economic growth, harnessing new technologies responsibly, and strengthening social and economic resilience. The meeting underscores the urgent need for global cooperation and collective action to navigate the complex risks facing humanity.