India Takes on Deepfakes: Government Funds AI Detection Projects and Establishes Dedicated Committee
New Delhi – The Indian government is stepping up its efforts to combat the growing threat of deepfakes, sophisticated AI-generated fake videos, audio, and images that can be used for malicious purposes. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has announced funding for two research projects specifically designed to detect these manipulated media forms, according to a status report submitted to the Delhi High Court. This move comes amidst rising concerns about the potential of deepfakes to spread misinformation, damage reputations, and even incite violence.
The first project, titled “Fake Speech Detection using Deep Learning Framework," is a three-year initiative running from December 2021 to December 2024. With a budget of ₹47.846 lakhs, the project aims to develop advanced deep learning algorithms to identify fabricated speech. In addition to the detection software, the project also includes the creation of a user-friendly web interface for access and a dedicated platform for testing the effectiveness of any fake speech detection system. This comprehensive approach aims to provide robust tools for identifying and combating audio-based deepfakes.
The second project focuses on visual deepfakes, tackling both images and videos. Named "Design and Development of Software for Detecting Deepfake Videos and Images," this MeitY-funded project ran from January 2022 to March 2024 and resulted in a prototype tool developed by C-DAC Hyderabad and Kolkata. The tool exists in two formats: a web-based version currently undergoing testing and offering limited access, and a desktop application called “FakeCheck.” FakeCheck is designed for offline use, eliminating the need for an internet connection for deepfake detection. Significantly, FakeCheck has already been shared with select law enforcement agencies for evaluation and feedback, demonstrating the government’s commitment to practical application and collaboration.
Further solidifying its commitment to tackling the deepfake challenge, MeitY established a dedicated nine-member committee on November 20th. This committee is charged with addressing the multifaceted issues surrounding deepfakes and formulating effective countermeasures. The committee comprises representatives from various sectors, including MeitY’s emerging technologies, cybersecurity, and cyber law divisions, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, C-DAC Hyderabad, the Data Security Council of India (DSCI), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, legal experts, and Dr. Balaraman Ravindran, head of IIT Madras’s department of data science and AI. The Delhi High Court has directed the committee to expedite its review of existing suggestions and international legislation, including those from the European Union, and to submit a report within three months after consultations with key stakeholders. These stakeholders include internet platforms, telecom service providers, victims of deepfakes, and relevant websites. However, sources indicate that the committee’s composition is not yet finalized and it has not convened since its formation.
Beyond the immediate focus on deepfakes, MeitY is also engaged in broader AI governance initiatives. An advisory group formed on September 25, 2023, is tasked with advising the government on AI regulations, balancing innovation with responsible oversight. This group is working on drafting policies, establishing ethical guidelines, developing testing and certification mechanisms, and creating techno-legal frameworks for AI. The seven-member group includes representatives from various governmental bodies, industry, and legal expertise.
Furthermore, a subcommittee for AI Governance Guidelines was formed on November 9, 2023, chaired by Dr. Ravindran. This subcommittee is working on a draft report which proposes the creation of an inter-ministerial AI coordination committee involving MeitY and the Prime Minister’s Office (PSA). This committee would adopt a whole-of-government approach to AI governance. The draft also recommends establishing a technical advisory group within MeitY and the development of an AI incident database to track AI-related risks in India. This database would serve as a crucial resource for understanding and mitigating potential harms associated with AI technologies.
These initiatives highlight the Indian government’s proactive stance in addressing the complex challenges posed by AI-generated synthetic media. By funding research projects focused on deepfake detection, establishing dedicated committees, and engaging in broader AI governance discussions, India is taking significant steps to safeguard its citizens and institutions from the potential misuse of this rapidly evolving technology. The government’s multi-pronged approach, encompassing technological solutions, policy frameworks, and stakeholder engagement, reflects a commitment to fostering responsible AI development and mitigating the associated risks. The success of these initiatives will be crucial in navigating the ethical and societal implications of AI and ensuring a safe and secure digital future for India.